Why you should not ignore constipation, receding hairline, weight gain, stiffness, and weak memory

Globally, an estimated two billion individuals suffer from iodine deficiency, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Dr. Ashoka Varshini Panga, a corporate pathologist at Apollo Diagnostics, emphasizes that while prevalent in impoverished nations due to limited access to nutritious food, iodine deficiency can also affect individuals in industrialized countries with poor dietary habits or impaired iodine metabolism. Pregnant women, in particular, require increased iodine intake to prevent deficiencies.

Symptoms and signs of iodine deficiency include the development of a goiter, a noticeable lump on the neck resulting from thyroid gland swelling. Low thyroid hormone levels (hypothyroidism) can lead to various symptoms such as increased sensitivity to cold, fatigue, constipation, dry skin, muscle weakness, weight gain, elevated blood cholesterol levels, muscle and joint aches, stiffness, sadness, receding hairline, decreased heart rate, and heavier-than-normal menstrual periods.

Complications arising from untreated iodine deficiency may include heart disease, heart failure, enlarged heart, peripheral neuropathy (damage to peripheral nerves), depression, cognitive decline, and an increased risk of birth abnormalities in children born to women with low thyroid hormone levels.

Dr. Varshini Panga highlights the importance of detecting iodine insufficiency through various tests, including urine tests, blood tests, iodine patch tests, and loading tests. While a urine test provides quick results, it may not be as precise as other methods. Blood tests offer reliability but take longer for results. The iodine patch test involves applying an iodine patch to the skin and observing its absorption over 24 hours, providing a less accurate but cost-effective option. Loading tests measure iodine excretion in urine over a 24-hour period.

The primary approach to treating iodine deficiency is maintaining a balanced diet. Individuals with insufficient iodine intake through food may consider iodine supplements, especially vegetarians, vegans, and expectant mothers. Dr. Varshini Panga recommends supplements with potassium iodate and potassium iodide, cautioning against exceeding 150 mcg of vitamins per day to prevent iodine overdose, which can negatively impact thyroid health. Overall, dietary modifications and supplements can significantly improve the health of those with iodine deficiency.